Paper Example on 5G Technology

For the last fifteen years, mobile and wireless operation have made tremendous growth. As the deployment of 4G telecommunication system continues to gain momentum, the focus has shifted towards the development of 5th generation or 5G technology services. 5th generation mobile network is the proposed next telecommunications standards beyond the existing 4G/IMT (Rappaport et al. 2013). Even though the deployment of any wireless cellular system will take a lot of years, researchers on the 5G generation are in their advanced stages. The 5G technology and services requires to be selected, developed and perfected to enhance timely and reliable deployment. Developers maintain that 5G aims to solve the current existing issues with capacity and coverage through leveraging the 4G network. The facilities that may be visible with 5th generation comprises of better levels of connectivity and coverage that remains a major problem (Hossain & Hasan, 2015).

Summary of the Problem

Today, the technology is changing on a daily basis, characterized by the increased use of smartphones and social media. Individual are required to communicate anytime anywhere in the world and share information not only through text but also videos. However, most of the people especially those in remote areas are still not enjoying high internet speed and communication remain poor due to coverage network. The current 4th generation network remains the best mobile user, but looking on how it is designed; it cannot be able to solve the issues with capacity and coverage (Singh & Singh, 2016). The fact remains that there still exist a lot of rural areas and many building within major cities where there is no network coverage in this technological world (Akyildiz, Lo & Balakrishnan, 2011). The current communication standards need to be improved to keep pace with current promising technology by delivering communication and a lot of advanced applications that cannot be possible unless the areas of operation are improved in an essential way (Wan,2009).

Solving the coverage and internet speed is vital especially with the increased use of the internet. A lot of people now owns a smartphone, and they need to stay connected with each other, and without proper coverage, these devices are useless. The most affected regions are located in developing nations. Various mobile providers find it hard in trying to transverse this region due to poor transport and communication network and hence laying essential equipment such as cell towers remains a challenge (Tiwari, Lane & Alam, 2016). Network conditions such as delay and bandwidth vary across a wireless network, and this has led to variation in service delivery. As such, mobile users continue to face a challenge in maintaining the quality while crossing heterogeneous wireless network.

Description of 5G technology

The 5G network is designed for the smart world and to handle higher network demands; the network requires to be smart and efficient. 5th generation mobile wireless technology is going to be a new revolution in the mobile market and is not expected at least until 2020. Through 5G technology, people will be able to use a global cellular phone. With the invention of cell phones such as PDA, you will be able to have your office on your phone. The technology has an outstanding data abilities and can tie together unrestricted volumes of calls and unlimited broadcasting of data with the existing operating system of the mobile phone (Gohil, Modi & Patel, 2013). Furthermore, 5G will be able to accommodate the existing technologies at that time more easily and offer priceless mobile phones to customers. The technology will also be able to support different software, and hence it is conditioned to be a more user-friendly. As far as mobile data is concerned, the use of the technology especially the use of router and switch will be able to improve service quality (Singh & Singh, 2016).

Correspondingly, the 5th generation terminals will comprise a software-defined ratio and modulation schemes, and at the same time, users will easily download error-control schemes from the internet (Wang et al.2014). The development of 5th generation mobile network is seen towards the user terminals as a focus of the 5G mobile networks. The terminals will have access various wireless technologies at a single moment while combining various flows from diverse technologies. Since the vertical handover cannot be seen especially when there are a lot of mobile operator and technologies, they will have to be avoided in the development of a 5G generation. Everyone will be mandated to handle use mobility and at the same time making the final decision among mobile access networks providers for a certain service (Rappaport et al. 2013).

To attain the existing issues with capacity and coverage, the 5G technology will use the current modulation techniques and various network terminologies. The first terminology is carrier aggregation whereby more than one carrier signal will be aggregated to support wider bandwidth that allows even up to 100 MHZ. Another terminology is the smart cell concept that aims at increasing the efficiency of the network through dividing of cells into micro and Pico cells. Using spectrum reusability allows additional mobile users in a certain region and handle the network more effectively (Hossain & Hasan, 2015). The third terminology is MIMO concept. MIMO is the use of many antennas for transmission and reception purposes in transmission technology. When there is a lot of antennas, they effectively enhance transmission and reception and data can easily be transferred more simultaneously. The 5th generation will have wi-fi offloading which is the major requirement of the future network. The concept enables users to connect by use of wi-fi network, and cellular can be assigned to other users. It will be appropriate in rural areas where there is poor signal coverage and users have the alternative of connecting to the network cellular reception (Shorgin 2014).

Challenges expected with 5G

Even though 5G is still away from being implemented, it is essential for researchers to begin learning about it now to be able to decide whether it is right for them. With this goal in mind, there exist some disadvantages of using 5G technology when it comes to smartphones and other devices. The increased bandwidth means that there will be less network coverage. While introducing 3G network, the main aim was to cover a vast region while using fewer cell towers. When 4G was introduced, the cells towers were required to produce more bandwidth, and this means that the coverage radius of every tower became smaller. This trend is likely to continue with the introduction of 5G since a lot of cell towers will be needed to produce immense bandwidth since the cells are not capable of covering a large geographical region (Gohil, Modi & Patel, 2013).

Another challenge is that radio frequency might become a major problem with 5G. The measurement of radio frequency is Hz and tend to function in a GHz range. Studies continue to show that 5G network will transmit its data in the range in the range of 6GHz a radio frequency that is already jam-packed by another signal such as satellite links, and this can cause a major problem in the signal transmission. Lastly,5G will be expensive to implement, and while the newest mobile phones will likely have it integrated, some handset will be dimmed absolute.

The essay has focused on 5G cellular communication and specifically identifying the existing issues with capacity and coverage that the technology aims to solve. The essay has further focused on the description of 5G generation specifically focusing on how it will be designed. Lastly, the paper has highlighted three main disadvantages that are likely to be associated with 5G technology upon implementation. The 5G technology is designed as a platform on various layers ranging from physical to application layers. At the moment, the ongoing work is on the modules that capable of providing the lowest cost from a certain service using more that one wireless technology at a single moment from the 5G mobile phone. The technology is the major improvement of it preceding technologies, and it stands to transform the future of telecommunication industry. For any individual who is interested in solving the current network coverage problem should focus developing mobile phones with a customized application which can be linked together to facilitate easy communication and sharing of information.

References

Akyildiz, I. F., Lo, B. F., & Balakrishnan, R. (2011). Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: A survey. Physical communication, 4(1), 40-62.

Gohil, A., Modi, H., & Patel, S. K. (2013, March). The 5g technology of mobile communication: A survey. In Intelligent Systems and Signal Processing (ISSP), 2013 International Conference on (pp. 288-292). IEEE.

Hossain, E., & Hasan, M. (2015). 5G cellular: key enabling technologies and research challenges. IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine, 18(3), 11-21.

Panwar, N., Sharma, S., & Singh, A. K. (2016). A survey on 5G: The next generation of mobile communication. Physical Communication, 18, 64-84.

Rappaport, T. S., Sun, S., Mayzus, R., Zhao, H., Azar, Y., Wang, K., ... & Gutierrez, F. (2013). Millimeter waves mobile communications for 5G Cellular: It will work!. IEEE access, 1, 335-349.

Shorgin, S., Samouylov, K., Gudkova, I., Galinina, O., & Andreev, S. (2014, October). On the benefits of 5G wireless technology for future mobile cloud computing. In Science and Technology Conference (Modern Networking Technologies)(MoNeTeC), 2014 First International (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

Singh, R. K., & Singh, R. (2016). 4G LTE Cellular Technology: Network Architecture and Mobile Standards.

Tiwari, S., Lane, M., & Alam, K. (2016). The challenges and opportunities of delivering wireless high-speed broadband services in Rural and Remote Australia: A Case Study of Western Downs Region (WDR). arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.03513.

Wan, S. (2009). Wireless networks in rural areas: Challenges and solutions (Doctoral dissertation, Dissertation, State University, Bozeman, Montana).

Wang, C. X., Haider, F., Gao, X., Yu, X. H., Yang, Y., Yuan, D., ... & Hepsaydir, E. (2014). Cellular architecture and key technologies for 5G wireless communication networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(2), 122-130.