Essay Sample on Risks Associated with Organ Trade

Organ trade entails the exchange of human tissues, organs or body parts for transplantation purposes. Recent research by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services observes a fast increment in the number of people in need of organ transplant. As delineated by the study, the high global demand for organs prompts a worldwide shortage of the organs required for transplantation. However, since the business in the human organ is illegal everywhere in the world, a black market has resulted in satisfying the market needs (Capron, 2014). The black market comprises of the wealthy individuals from the developed nations, private health facilities and doctors who purchase the organs from needy individuals from developing countries (Taylor, 2017). The sale, trade, or donation of human organs causes more harm to the people than benefits. The business is illegal in different parts of the world, and this aids in reducing the spread of diseases, deaths, and widening of the black market.

However, the organ trade legal status is experiencing changes around the globe. Nations, for example, Singapore and Australia legitimized the exchange in 2013. The states permit donation of the human organs. Nevertheless, obtaining the data from the trade makes it difficult to regulate the trade. The sanctioning of the exchange brings about the development of the underground market. The trade outcomes include the spread of diseases and death of individuals and require adequate regulatory mechanisms. Trade on human organs leads to increase in the growth of the black market, the range of diseases, premature deaths and increase poverty and requires comprehensive regulation and illegalization.

Causes of Trade in Human Organs

Poverty

Despite its illegalization, trade on human organs occurs in every part of the world except in Iran. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), organ trade is mainly rampant in the African countries where poverty is widespread. High rates of debts experienced by poor and less fortunate individuals are the primary causes of trade on human organs. The high rates of deficits accrue due to the high living cost and high unemployment rates experienced by the underprivileged people. According to the 2014 Word Bank Statistics, about 22.5% equaling to 30 million of the Iraq population lives in hopeless poverty (Bilefsky, 2012). Therefore, $10, 000 offered to them by gangs become very difficult to turn down. Poverty rates in the developing countries across Africa and the Middle East are very high. It entices the need for organ donation making them a hub for organ trade.

Unemployment

The increasing rate of unemployment in many developing countries around the world leads to an upsurge in trade of human organs. After graduating from university, several individuals every so often anticipates a decent life and job. However, this is not usually the case in many states. Majority of frustrated graduates who are incapable of contracting jobs actively participate in human organ trade (Wang, 2017). The alumni find the trade on the human organ as an alternative way of making a living. The high cost of living and social expectations upsurge the requisite for money and stability. High unemployment rates amongst graduates lead to frustration in life and the willingness to venture into any doings that tips to income generation. Others venture into the business to provide for their families and with the hope of getting a start-up capital to venture into other forms of business.

Illiteracy

The absence of appropriate training has likewise prompted the expansion of exchange of human organs. Numerous individuals have little learning concerning the symptoms of giving their kidney. Lack of education makes the individuals more exposed to partake in the exchange of human organs. On account of obliviousness, people esteem cash than their particular wellbeing. The purchaser efficiently controls an unskilled vender, which tips for quick development of the business as it takes a short duration to concede to the terms of the offer. Because of lack of illiteracy, the purchaser of such organs pays little money, which is not equal to three times the value they retail them to healing facilities that are in demand for the organs. Uneducated people do not comprehend the legitimate points of view of the business. They do not comply with the administrative controls and principally center on the products of the industry. It prompts increment in the rate of exchange of the human organs and trouble in the governing of the business within the given economy.

Corruption

Corruption has primarily contributed to the materialization of the illegal trade of human organs. Senior government officials in the security department of the third world countries participate in the trade of human organs. They illegitimately let such trade to continue and lower the rate of regulations. Such people receive cash and other forms of bribe hence permitting the operation of such trade (Heinrichs, 2017). They collaborate with the gangs involved in the business. They conduct puny investigations and do not arrest the suspects. It lowers the rate of trade regulation and leads to expansion of the trade of human organs in the regions. Therefore, owing to the privation of effective action from senior government officials, trade of human organs increases in such areas. Some of the top officials also participate in the business directly. It lowers the regulation of the business allowing the gangs to expand the business into new locations.

Poor Laws

The trade of human organs increases commonly in the third world nations despite its illegalization. The countries lack strict laws and measures of dealing with the increasing nature of the human organs trade leading to the success of the business in the third world countries (Wang, 2017). It leads to freedom of operation of the business by the gangs in the regions. The cliques frequently find their way out of the jails and courts after forfeiting little cash. Additionally, it gives the criminals autonomy and encourages other lawbreakers to participate in the business leading to its expansion.

Effects of Trade in Human Organs

Trade on human organs such as kidney, liver, lungs, and tissues comprise of both ethical and health effects. According to a report by the (WHO), the recipients who sell their organs in most cases experience poor health compared to those who receive the organs. Unlawful trade on the human organs influences not only the living standards of the participants but also the respective families. The following are the significant effects of trade on human organs:

Spread of Diseases

Transplantation of the illegally traded human organs leads to spread of diseases. Its outcomes are the transmission of diseases such as HIV, and hepatitis B. Illegal trade of the human organs results in the improper removal of the organs since it occurs in a hurry. The indecorous exclusion of the organs also involves the use of solitary equipment in conducting multiple transplantation processes. They use the same equipment leading to the spread of diseases such as HIV amongst different donors. The process involves the use of one object to carry out surgery in more than one person, which increases the risk of contracting HIV (Anker, 2012). In most cases, the illegally traded human organs often reach the client after infected with dangerous bacteria. Due to the illegal nature of the trade, the participants lack appropriate storage and transportation facilities. It leads to the poor conditioning of the organs resulting in transplantation failures. If the transplantation fails, there is a high probability of other diseases emerging in the respective recipients.

Deaths

Death is one of the severe effects that result from the illegal trade of human organs. The U.S. Government Information on Organ Donation and Transplantation revealed that in every 1,000 people who donate their organs, three of them die (Koplin, 2014). However, this can be higher in the case of illegal trade of the organs since the process of removal occurs hastily and unprofessionally. The method also lacks proper medication after the removal of the specific organs. Additionally, the illegal process of organ removal and trade also has a shortage of adequate nutrition and dietary advice that aids the victims recover swiftly. It can cause a persistent painful experience to the fatalities. The long duration of pain and shortage of adequate treatment and maintenance practices leads to loss of blood, emotional torture, severe pain, and death.

Poverty

The primary goals of every business are to maximize profits and improve the living conditions. People venture into human organ trade to acquire money and overcome the social and economic challenges experienced in life. However, this often is not the case in many situations. After peddling the organ, many people habitually experience health problems that require expensive treatments. The victims spend the entire money generated from the sale of the organs on a cure. They also trade other properties such as land, automobiles, and houses to guarantee proper treatment. The result is continuous pain and suffering for various victims of human organ trade (Budiani-Saberi et al., 2014).

Solution to Trade on Human Organs

Enforcement of Legislation for Transplant

Every government must protect the lives of every single citizen. Government regulations assist in monitoring all the activities within the state. Every government requires formulation of strict policies to regulate transplant of human organs. It will aid in preventing different illegal groups from manipulating the deprived in the developing countries. Both the government in the advanced and emerging nations must debate and draft laws that protect the vulnerable people from the unsafe commercial practice of organ trade from related opulent and illegitimate organizations. The rules should propose severe disciplinary measures such as life imprisonment for people who are taking part in the illegal business of international trade of human organs (Kelly, 2013). Individuals participating in the organ trade activities must experience prosecution and hefty fines posted on them to serve as a warning to other people on the negative consequences that await them (Wilkinson, 2012 p.173).

Public Campaigns

Public campaigns assist in informing and educating the illiterate on the effects of organ transplant and the perils of human organ trade. It also aids in educating the public on the laws and regulations governing such practices. Due to high illiteracy levels in the third world countries concerning the trade of human organs, the government and other relevant health bodies should perform public campaigns to create awareness on the consequences that come with the sale of those organs. Raising awareness and educating people can help enlighten them and reduce the number of individuals who retail their organs for money. Education occurs through civic programs, seminars, social and print media, radios and televisions.

Re-evaluating Code of Code as well as Accountability for Physicians

Moral sets of principles help in controlling the conduct of both the patients and experts in the healthcare facilities. Global and national therapeutic establishments must plan sets of laws controlling organ transplant exercises. Every one of the experts and government associations must consider the dependable doctors and therapeutic services offices in charge of human organ businesses (Lopez-Fraga et al., 2014). It helps in regulation of the exchange of human organs because the therapeutic services suppliers will decrease to partake in the business, the criminal gangs participating in the exchange will have no place to take the organs.

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